Osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment

BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of this course the student will be able to:

1.       Explain the criteria for determining osteopenia and osteoporosis

2.       Discuss the reasons for osteoporosis prevention intervention

3.       Explain the process of bone remodeling as it relates to bone accrual and bone loss throughout the life stages.

4.       Understand the difference between trabecular and cortical bone and the relationship of each to fracture risk.

5.       List the non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for low bone density.

6.       Explain why the incidence of osteoporosis is higher in women than in men, in some ethnic populations and for certain body types.

7.       Explain the connection between hormonal status and osteoporosis.

8.       Discuss the implications of various types of physical activity/sports relative to bone density.

9.       Formulate an action plan for prevention of osteoporosis including reduction of risk factors, diet, physical activity, and possible prophylactic medications.

10.    Discuss dietary options to maximize bone health in special populations such as vegetarians, persons who are lactose-intolerant or who are unable to consume dairy products as a source  of calcium.

11.    Discuss appropriate interventions for eating disordered individuals or women presenting with the “female athlete triad”.

12.    Understand when bone density testing is appropriate, the options for testing currently available, and the rationale used for each type of test.

13.    Explain the results of bone density tests and the implications for lifestyle changes.

14.    Understand the current treatment modalities for osteoporosis, including diet, medications, and physical activity.

15.    Suggest alternative steps that can be taken to protect bone in postmenopausal women when hormone replacement therapy is not an option.

16.    Explain the risk factors for fracture besides low bone density.

17.    Understand the main components of an effective program of physical activity to prevent falls.

18.    Discuss the considerations for safe exercise in persons with established osteoporosis and comorbidities.

19. List environmental changes that can be made to reduce the risk of falls leading to fracture.